> *Relational Model: Candidate Keys, Primary Keys, Foreign Keys

> Entity Relationship Model: *Types of Attributes, *Relationships, Structural    Constraints, Relational model Constraints

> *Mapping ER model to a relational schema

> Extended ER Model – Generalization – Specialization

> Database Design – Schema Refinement

> *Functional dependencies

> Axioms on Functional Dependencies

> *Normalization: First, Second and Third Normal Forms

> *Boyce Codd Normal Form, Multi-valued dependency

> Fourth Normal form – *Join dependency

> Fifth Normal form

> *Indexing: Single level indexing, multi-level indexing, dynamic
    multilevel Indexing

> *B+ Tree Indexing

> *Hashing Techniques: Static and Dynamic Hashing

> Translating SQL Queries into Relational Algebra

> Query Optimization: Algebraic Query Optimization, *Heuristic query
   optimization Rules

> *Join Query Optimization using Indexing and Hashing